October 25-27, 2011, Hotel DoubleTree by Hilton, Košice, Slovakia. The next International Scientific Conference on Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Food and Function 2011, will facilitate worldwide co-operation

between scientists and will focus on current advances in research on nutraceuticals and functional foods and their present and future role in maintaining health and preventing diseases. Leading scientists will present and discuss current advances in research on nutraceuticals and Daporinad research buy functional foods as well as new scientific evidence that supports or questions the efficacy of already existing or prospective substances and applications. Novel compounds and controversial but scientifically solid ideas, approaches, and visions will also be presented, with particular focus on health claim substantiation and evidence-based benefits. For more information, visit www.foodandfunction.net or contact [email protected].

Tell Us Your Issue We care about the concerns of ADA members and want to hear from you. There are four www.selleckchem.com/products/dabrafenib-gsk2118436.html easy ways to submit your issues: • E-mail [email protected]. You will receive immediate confirmation that your message has been received and action will be taken within 2 months. For more information, visit ADA’s member home page and click on Member Issues or visit www.eatright.org/issues. Deadline for submitting material for the People and Events

section is the first of the month, 3 months before the date of the issue (eg, May 1 for the August issue). Publication of an educational event is not an endorsement by the Association of the event or sponsor. Send material to: Ryan Lipscomb, Editor, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 120 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 2000, Chicago, IL 60606; Selleck Cobimetinib [email protected]; 312/899-4829; or fax, 312/899-4812. November 23-26, 2011, Wow Kremlin Place Hotel, Antalya, Turkey. The 1st International Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Health Congress is a multidisciplinary organization where people from all different disciplines share their knowledge with the aim of improving health. Topics of the Congress will focus on various aspects of physical activity and nutrition, including psychological well-being, special groups (children, adolescents, elderly, athletes, people with disabilities), measurement issues, chronic diseases, public health, weight management, recreation, and public policy. For more information, visit www.ipanhec2011.org. Mary Ann Kight, PhD, February 2011, was professor and principal representative of the Fairchild Diagnostic Nutrition Research Fund Endowment at the University of Arizona, Tucson. Kight attended the University of West Virginia and graduated from the University of Arizona in 1950, and earned a doctorate in Biochemistry and Nutrition there in 1967.

Thus, our next step should be a “realistic model” including not only an organ but also the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. However, there Regorafenib cell line are difficult hurdles to overcome to create such an ideal model by using this injection technique. Our preliminary

study of use of other organs (eg, esophagus, duodenum, and colon, but not the rectum, revealed that creation of blebs in the duodenum and colon was difficult because of the possibly easy perforation by the needle because of the thinner GI tract wall, and there was only a small space in the esophagus and duodenum in which to perform the procedures. Therefore, in this study, we selected the stomach and rectum. In fact, stomach and rectum but esophagus, duodenum and colon, are used in the ESD training models. Nevertheless,

if we could create blebs in the duodenum by using appropriate needles and/or injection materials with available EASIE-type tabletop ex vivo, it may be a realistic ERCP-related procedure model. Apart from EP, for the current “realistic ES,” the over-the-wire technique is mandatory. However, the concept of this study was to practice this website the specific isolated skills needed to perform ES and EP. Although an “all-in-one” model would be ideal, basic techniques like ES may be taught and practiced on simpler models. Therefore, more advanced models can be used to put component steps together in more integrated total procedures, which include, for example, coordination with assistants, wire work, and stent placement for a “realistic ERCP. In this preliminary study, a novel method was used to create an artificial papilla, not only for conventional ES by using a pull-type sphincterotome, but also for precutting by using a needle-knife. Important for the creation of an adequate artificial papilla by using this technique is the use of 0.4% hyaluronate solution. This was demonstrated in an experimental study that showed that injection of 0.4% hyaluronate solution was

superior Dimethyl sulfoxide to physiological saline solution, 50% dextrose, hypertonic saline solution (3.7% NaCl), and glycerol for submucosal injection.18 Because of this, hyaluronate solution has been used for EMR.19 and 20 Other agents for prolonged submucosal injection include succinylated gelatin21 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.22 In terms of stomach models, the choice of the injection site for the creation of a simulated papilla is also important. Our study suggests that the anterior wall of the proximal stomach is the ideal location for creating simulated papillae for realistic training of ES, both in vivo and ex vivo. We believe that creation of a mucosal bleb depends on mucosal thickness. This is based on the fact that the mucosa of the porcine stomach at the greater curvature and antrum is thicker than the proximal anterior, posterior, and lesser curvature.

Terrigenous silica (95%) was the dominant contributor in this zone. The ratios of Mg/Ca, Na/K and Fe/Mn were low at the base of this zone, but increased gradually in the upper levels of the core. Diatoms were too few to count. The deepest core from Prorer Wiek (core 246060) was taken at a depth of 20.7 m b.s.l., 5 km north-east of core 246040 (Figures 1, 2). Its geochemical composition suggested a division into five parts (Figure 3).

The lowest zone (E1; 383–485 cm) contained fine, olive-grey sand with humus particles. The sediment of this zone had the highest content in this core of terrigenous silica (97%) and a low content of biogenic silica (0.5%), loss on ignition (1%) and ratio of Mg/Ca (0.2) and Fe/Mn (70). This zone did contain diatom flora. The next zone (E2; 296–383 cm) Staurosporine concentration consisted of olive-black silty clay and olive-grey sandy silt. The contents of biogenic silica (6%), loss on ignition (6%) and the ratios of Mg/Ca (3.5) and Fe/Mn (100) were higher than in zone E1. In zone E2, we found abundant diatom flora dominated by freshwater benthos species, including F. lapponica, F. martyi, and A. pediculus ( Figure 4). The dominant brackish-water forms included F. guenter-grassi and F. fasciculata.

The silty clay sediments at 370 cm depth were dated to 10 704–10 424 cal BP (9700 ± 60 14C years BP; Table 1). Zone E3 (270–296 cm) consisted of olive-black peat gyttja. The sediments of this zone exhibited a 12% loss on ignition, 3.6% biogenic silica content click here and high ratios of Na/K (1.5) and Fe/Mn (200). Like zone E2, the diatom assemblage of zone E3 was dominated by freshwater benthos taxa. A sediment sample from 280 cm depth was dated to 8999–8660 cal BP (Table 1; 8300 ± 50 14C years BP). Radiocarbon dating yielded ages that corresponded to the Ancylus Lake. Zone F1 of core 246060 (145–270 cm) contained mainly Edoxaban olive-grey mud with Mytilus and Cerastoderma shells. The biogenic silica content (37%), loss on ignition (6–10%) and ratios of Mg/Ca (0.5–3), Na/K (0.50.8) and Fe/Mn (50–60) increased gradually towards the top of the zone, whereas the contribution of terrigenous silica (78–65%) decreased. The diatom

assemblage changed abruptly from freshwater to marine/brackish water-species at the base of zone F1 ( Figure 4). Marine species such as Diploneis smithii, Cocconeis scutellum, Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and Paralia sulcata, and brackish taxa such as F. guenter-grassi, F. geocollegarum, and Chaetoceros sp. spores were predominant throughout this zone. The sample taken from the bottom portion of the zone (250 cm) was dated to 8315–8046 cal BP (7720 ± 50 14C years BP; Table 1), and a Cerastoderma shell from 180 cm depth was dated to 6115–5840 cal BP (5560 ± 50 14C years BP). These dates place the deposition of these sediments in the period after the Littorina transgression. The diatom assemblages and geochemical composition confirm the development of a marine environment.

The results of this study showed no significant correlation between lodging and lignin or cellulose contents. However, the solid stemmed genotype had the highest lignin content and correlations between the degree of lodging

resistance and lignin (R2 = 0.978, P < 0.01) and cellulose (R2 = 0.944, P < 0.05) contents were both significant. Considering the results obtained from histochemical staining, we propose that lignin and cellulose play an important role in lodging resistance. All four genotypes analyzed in this study contained high levels of both lignin and cellulose. Further research is needed to increase our understanding of the role of chemical composition in lodging resistance in a wider range of wheat cultivars. Pith parenchyma EPZ015666 mouse plays an important role in stabilizing the stem against ovalisation and reducing the risk of local buckling and collapse [32], [33] and [34]. Stem stability is known to increase with the thickness of the parenchyma layer [3]. The effects of wind, rain, and other environmental forces can be absorbed by the parenchyma without heating or mechanical damage [4]. The available evidence suggests that pith parenchyma also plays an important role in lodging resistance. In this study, the percentage of pith varied significantly among the four genotypes. Since the solid stemmed wheat genotype had the greatest amount of pith, it was likely to be more resistant to lodging than the hollow ones.

Solid pith parenchyma also inhibits the growth Wnt inhibitor and development of sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton) larvae in wheat stems, which is important for the control of wheat stem sawfly infestations. Sawfly larvae Methane monooxygenase feed on vascular tissue and parenchyma cells from the hollow regions inside the stem. When the larvae reach maturity, they migrate toward the base of stem, which at the time they eat a ring or girdle around the stem wall weakens the stem base and increases susceptibility of the plant to lodging [35]. The results of this study suggest

that a solid-stem wheat cultivar is less susceptible to lodging. The thick layer of mechanical tissue in the outer ring, as well as the solid pith parenchyma in the inner ring, of the solid stem increases resistance to lodging. In a U.S.A. study four microsatellite markers on chromosome 3BL (GWM247, GWM340, GWM547 and BARC77) were linked to a single solid stem QTL, which accounted for 76% of the variation in stem solidness in wheat [12]. In our study, only GWM247 and GWM340 were polymorphic and GWM247 was more closely linked to the single solid stem QTL and accounted for 77% of the variation in stem solidness. Our results were thus in agreement with the mapping results for solid stem in wheat cultivar Rampart [12], indicating that the same gene for solid stem may be present in XNSX and Rampart. In addition, our results showed that the solidness gene is closer to Xgwm247 (12.1 cM) than to Xgwm340 (16.

95, coverage no less than 0.9, and reference gene had annotation of putative or hypothetical. To define genes with signal peptide, we use SignalP version 4.1 ( Petersen et al., 2011) to identify genes with signal peptide with default parameters. TMHMM 2.0 ( Krogh et al., 2001) was used to identify Navitoclax mw genes with transmembrane helices. The draft genome of B. agri 5-2 revealed a genome size of 5,513,716 bp and a G + C content of 54.15% (146 contigs with N50 of 97,214 bp). These contigs contain 5260 coding sequences (CDSs), 91 tRNAs and 6 incomplete rRNA operons (2 small subunit rRNA and 4 large subunit rRNAs). A total of 5067 protein-coding

genes were assigned as putative function or hypothetical proteins. 3624 genes were categorized into COGs functional groups (including putative or hypothetical genes). The properties and the statistics of the genome are summarized in Table 1. Consistent with its metabolic versatility and environmental selleck adaptability, B. agri strain 5-2 possesses extensive transport capabilities. 517 genes encode transport related proteins for amino acid, inorganic ions, carbohydrates, nucleotide and lipid found in the genome. Two putative alkane 1-monooxygenase, one putative alkanesulfonate monooxygenase, one putative alkanesulfonate transporter, one putative sulfate permease and five putative sulfate transporters were identified in the draft genome

( Table 2). Alkane 1-monooxygenase was found as one of the key enzymes responsible for the aerobic transformation of midchain-length n-alkanes (C5 to C16) and in some cases even longer

alkanes ( van Beilen and Funhoff, 2007). It is hypothesized that sulfate transporters and alkanesulfonate transporter may be responsible for organosulfur compound degradation ( Erwin et al., 2005 and Van Hamme et al., 2013). Moreover, a genome alignment of the only two sequenced B. agri genomes (B. agri 5-2 and B. agri BAB-2500 ( Joshi et al., 2013)) click here showed that some functional regions are highly homologous between two assemblies. The alignment also reveals some discrepancies between them, some short stretches of the 5-2 genome absent from the contigs in BAB-2500 ( Fig. 1). For example, none of the alkane monooxygenases were identified in the genome of BAB-2500 by further genomic analysis. In summary, the genomic data of strain 5-2 may provide insights into the mechanism of microorganisms adapt to the petroleum reservoir after chemical flooding. This whole genome sequence project is deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession JATL00000000. The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Fig. S1.   Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of Brevibacillus agri strain 5-2 relative to other type strains within the genus Brevibacillus. Numbers at the branching nodes are percentages of bootstrap values based on 1000 replications.

The same labelling was observed in some root odontoblasts, osteoblasts and bone lining cells. TEM showed, in CON specimens at day 12, the characteristic HERS inner and outer epithelial cells at the cervical portion of the tooth germ surrounded by the dental follicle (Fig. 3a). In ALN, the HERS cells, the enamel organ and the dental follicle were sandwiched by bone trabeculae that occupied the HERS and dental follicle space (Fig. 3b). In CON, the osteoclasts were activated and attached to the surface of bone trabeculae. They presented the resorptive apparatus, characterized by ruffled

border and numerous vacuoli in the cytoplasm (Fig. 3c). PF-01367338 datasheet ALN specimens presented multinucleated osteoclasts near to the bone trabeculae. However, most of these cells were not attached to bone surfaces and appeared inactivated (Fig. 3d). In the present study an animal model in which a high dose

of alendronate known to impair bone resorption, tooth eruption and root formation of molars of young rats was employed.16 The inactivation of osteoclasts by alendronate occasioned the inhibition of remodelling of the bony crypt and yielded the disorganized growth of bone trabeculae around the tooth germ, which invaded the dental follicle reaching the cervical region of enamel organ and HERS. These events probably altered the epithelial–ectomesenchymal interactions that orchestrate root development, induced the apoptosis of root odontoblasts and cementum forming cells and consequently arrested the molar root and periodontium formation. Since MEK inhibitor the impaction of Montelukast Sodium the molar occurred and there was no space inside the crypt to allow root and periodontal development, some dental follicle cells and root odontoblasts underwent apoptosis. Nevertheless, the signalling for cementum-secreting fibroblasts differentiation occurred as they were positively immunolabelled for Smad-4.

Immunolabeling for Smad-4 in CON specimens at 12 and 30 days shows that the dental follicle cells are the ones responsive to the BMP and TGF-β signalling during root and periodontal formation. As the intense labelling was restricted to the cementum forming cells, fibroblasts and cementoblasts, which remained immunopositive to Smad-4 until later stages of root development, this signalling pathway may be involved in trigger and maintaining the forming functions of these periodontal cells. Contrarily, it is likely that odontoblast differentiation follows another signalling pathway, since HERS cells as well as root odontoblasts were free of immunolabelling. As all the blocking and incubation steps during the immunohistological procedures were carefully carried out, the labelling obtained was clearly specific, differing from previous reports that described Smad-4 expression in the dental epithelium and dental papilla cells,3 and 22 as well as in secretory ameloblasts, odontoblasts and HERS cells.

SIRT1 is an NAD+ dependent class III histone deacetylase [61], which cooperates with elongation factor 1 (E2F1) to regulate apoptotic response to DNA damage. SIRT1 knockdown results in poly Q-expanded aggregation of androgen receptor (AR) and α-synuclein [62], consistent with a role of the SIRT1mRNA-TDP-43 complex in aggregation, and supports the notion that RNA

processing by TDP-43 and chromatin organization SIRT1 are functionally connected. TDP-43 regulates alternate splicing of the CFTR RNA at the intron8/exon9 junction, implying that alternative splicing may have a direct consequence on the chromatin organization, which is altered at long, congenital TNR lengths. Interestingly, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)

and IDH2 catalyze the interconversion of isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html [63] (Figure 4a). α-KG is a TCA cycle intermediate in mitochondria, and is an essential co-factor for many enzymes, including JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases [63 and 64••], and a family of 5-methlycytosine (5mC) hydroxylases, Ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase (TET) [64••] and EglN Omipalisib mw prolyl-4-hydroxylases (Figure 4a). Both TET1 and TET3 proteins contain a DNA-binding motif that is believed to target CpG sites (Figure 4a). TET2 converts 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in DNA and uses α-ketoglutarate as a co-substrate [65]. The resulting (5-hmC) is removed by the BER enzyme thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) [64••] (Figure 4b). At the excision site, cytosine replaces 5-hmC, and methylation occurs subsequently to restore the methylated state and 5-mC [64••] (Figure

4 and Figure 5). Thus, metabolism is apparently a regulatory mechanism to maintain a balanced methylaytion state, and influences expansion. Since methylation status does not appear to play a role in expansion per se, RNA-induced and protein-induced toxicity may act in a feed-back loop, producing a toxic oxidation cycle and expansion during removal of the oxidative DNA damage ( Figure 5c). Although new possibilities for DNA-mediated, RNA-mediated and protein-mediated toxicity are emerging, these diverse pathways, in the end, are likely to induce expansion by similar mechanisms (Figure 5). Physically, expansion occurs by loop formation Thiamet G at free DNA ends during DNA excision, by polymerase slippage or by strand switching events that occur during replication or fork-reversal. From this simple viewpoint, we can construct both physical and functional definitions of an expansion threshold. Physically, the threshold defines a kinetic point in which self-pairing ‘wins’ over duplex reformation. Structures form at Okazaki fragment ends and/or at single strand breaks are trapped by gap filling synthesis or continued replication (Figure 5). Functionally, the threshold is likely to be the limiting length at which lesion load induces DNA repair.

Although the pre-SMA is the most frequently activated brain region in neuroimaging studies (Behrens, Fox, Laird, & Smith, 2012), there is still no consensus on its function. In terms of its connectivity with other brain regions, pre-SMA displays a profile that is quite distinct to neighbouring SMA, with

more of its connections projecting to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than motor areas. This is based on both neuroimaging data in humans (Johansen-Berg et al., 2004 and Kim et al., 2010) and animal studies (for a review see Nachev et al., 2008). Despite the wealth of information from neuroimaging, decoding the precise role of pre-SMA remains this website to be established and has proven to be challenging, due to its apparent involvement in situations which could imply many different functions

(Nachev et al., 2008). In humans the principal focus of a large number of studies has been to identify the contribution of pre-SMA to the performance of tasks designed to measure aspects of cognitive control and executive function (Curtis and D’Esposito, 2003, Nachev et al., 2005 and Shima and Tanji, 2000). These paradigms often require participants to rapidly inhibit or alter a pre-potent response (Curtis and D’Esposito, 2003, Logan and Cowan, 1984, Mostofsky et al., 2003 and Nachev et al., 2005), or to respond accurately in the presence of distractors (Botvinick et al., 1999, Luks et al., 2007 and Shima and Tanji, 2000). To date, evidence from functional imaging has implicated pre-SMA in stopping an on-going response (Aron and Poldrack, 2006,

Obeso et al., 2013, Picard and Strick, Ibrutinib 1996 and Sharp et al., 2010), selecting between conflicting response alternatives (Forstmann et al., 2008a, Garavan et al., 2003, Mostofsky and Simmonds, 2008, Nachev et al., 2005 and Van Gaal et al., 2011), and switching from automatic to voluntary action (Curtis and D’Esposito, 2003, Isoda and Hikosaka, PRKACG 2007, Nachev et al., 2007 and Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2001). Diffusion tensor imaging in humans has also been used to describe a triangular structural network linking pre-SMA, inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Aron, Behrens, Smith, Frank, & Poldrack, 2007), which is also thought to exist in non-human primates (Nambu, Takada, Inase, & Tokuno, 1996). It has been proposed that such a network may enable the rapid braking of an initiated action by providing a ‘hyper-direct’ connection from pre-SMA to STN (Aron et al., 2007 and Nambu et al., 1996). This structural connection has led to the suggestion that the pre-SMA may play a key role in stopping on-going responses – possibly explaining one facet of pre-SMA function. However, even within the area of cognitive control, it remains unclear precisely what contribution is made by pre-SMA in situations with different response requirements.

However, decisions regarding nation-wide introduction require the best and most recent data on disease burden, vaccine delivery, costs and effectiveness [11] and [12]. Geographic differences in burden require ongoing surveillance to maximize vaccine effectiveness

[13] and will be especially important in India. Recent research suggests that the burden of rotavirus mortality within India differs across states and regions [14]. At the state level, the highest rates of rotavirus Apoptosis Compound high throughput screening mortality are found in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, jointly accounting for more than half of rotavirus deaths in India. Regionally, rotavirus deaths are highest in central India, followed by northern, while lowest in western India. In addition to regional heterogeneity, rotavirus mortality rates amongst girls (4.89 deaths/1000 live births) in India are found to be 42% higher than amongst boys (3.45 deaths/1000 live births) [14]. Socio-economic differences play a role as well. Known individual risk factors associated with diarrheal mortality such as being undernourished [15] and scoring low on composite measures of anthropometric failures occur more often in poor households

in India [16]. Past research in India has revealed regional, socio-economic and gender disparities in routine immunization rates [17] and [18]. Socio-economic disparities in burden are found to correspond with disparities in access Atezolizumab molecular weight to routine vaccination, with children belonging to the poorest households having the highest rotavirus deaths and the lowest estimated vaccination rates [7]. Gender-based disparities in rates of childhood immunization have been shown as well; girls are reported to have lower vaccination rates than boys and, similar to rotavirus mortality, there is significant variation across states and regions [19] and [20]. Moreover, girls at higher birth orders are found to have a greater chance

of missing vaccination doses, than boys [21]. These disparities, left unchanged, reduce the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination [7]. The (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate purpose of this study is to use the best available data on rotavirus mortality, health care cost, vaccine access, and efficacy to estimate the impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination across different geographic and socio-economic settings in India. We also examine alternative strategies for increasing the impact of vaccine introduction. We use a spreadsheet-based model developed in Microsoft Excel [22] to estimate the expected health and economic outcomes for one annual birth cohort of children during the first 5 years of life. Due to the known heterogeneity by geography, socio-economic level and gender, we model a series of sub-populations separately. Specifically, we consider six geographic regions (based on Morris et al.

10 The aim of the present study is

to compare between the effects of chlorpromazine (first generation) and olanzapine (second NLG919 nmr generation) on body weight, waist circumferences, serum glucose concentration and lipid profile in schizophrenic patients. A total of 70 patients (age 25–53-years old) of both sexes participated in this study. They were divided in two groups of 35 patients each. The patients were randomly allocated to receive any of two different treatments. One group of patients (n = 35) received treatment with 5 mg daily oral olanzapine and the second group (n = 35) received 100 mg three times daily oral Chlorpromazine. Another 35 healthy individuals, involved in the study as a control group. The study was a randomized controlled comparative study performed over a period of one year

from June 2011 to July 2012. The patients were seen at Psychiatric Unit in IBN-SINA buy ZD1839 Teaching Hospital in Mosul, Iraq. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of the College of pharmacy and Mosul Health Administration. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of schizophrenia made according to DSM-IV criteria of the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The diagnosis of all the patients was confirmed by consultant psychiatrists at Psychiatric Unit in IBN-SINA Teaching Hospital. The study included those patients who had not received antipsychotic treatment in the last 6 months (long washout period). The exclusion criteria in

this study were patients who had received prior antipsychotic medication in the last 6 months. Patients having any type of cardiovascular disorder, whether under treatment or not, and known patients of diabetes (even if pentoxifylline having fasting blood sugar controlled below 110 mg/dl by any diabetic medication) all were excluded from the study. Pregnant or lactating patients, patients having family history of diabetes and patients having chronic medical illness were also excluded. The patients’ baseline body weight, waist circumference, BMI, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were assessed before the treatment was initiated, and after 3 months of the treatment. Total serum TG, HDL, TC and fasting blood glucose levels of the patients and controls were measured by using standard commercial kits. Serum LDL concentration was calculated by using Friedewald equation. Calculation of BMI was done for each patient and control by using Quetelet index (Body weight/Height2). Waist circumference in (cm) was determined with a standard tape measure, as the point midway between the costal margin and iliac crest in the mid-axillary’s line, with the subject standing and breathing normally. Statistical methods: Standard statistical methods were used to determine the mean and standard deviation (SD). Paired student t-test was used to compare patients and control characteristics and the results between before and after drug therapy. P-value of ≤0.