Mycol. 64: 161 (2009). Type species:

Halomassarina thalassiae (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Suetrong, Sakay., E.B.G. Jones, Kohlm., Volkm.-Kohlm. & C.L. Schoch, Stud. Mycol. 64: 161 (2009). ≡ Massarina thalassiae Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm., Can. J. Bot. 65: 575 (1987). Halomassarina is another marine genus which morphologically fits Massarina sensu lato, and is typified by H. thalassiae, which is characterized by subglobose to pyriform, immersed or erumpent, ostiolate, periphysate, HDAC inhibitor papillate or epapillate, coriaceous ascomata, simple, rarely https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-4708671.html anastomosing pseudoparaphyses, 8-spored, cylindrical to clavate, pedunculate, thick-walled, fissitunicate asci, and ellipsoidal, (1-)3-septate, hyaline ascospores. Based on a multigene phylogenetic analysis, Halomassarina thalassiae clustered together with Trematosphaeria pertusa and another marine fungus Falciformispora lignatilis, and they are all assigned to Trematosphaeriaceae (Suetrong et al. data unpublished). Hypsostroma Huhndorf, Mycologia 84: 750 (1992). Type species: Hypsostroma saxicola Huhndorf, Mycologia 84: 750 (1992). Hypsostroma was introduced as a tropical wood-inhabiting genus by Huhndorf (1992). Hypsostroma has several striking characters including the large superficial ascomata which form on a subiculum, pseudoparenchymatous peridial cells, trabeculate pseudoparaphyses,

clavate asci Selleckchem GSK1838705A with long pedicels and a conspicuous apical apparatus, and ascospores that separate into partspores with a germ slit in each partspore (Huhndorf 1992). Phylogenetic study indicated that Hypsostroma should be a new genus and the Hypsostromataceae was reinstated to accommodate Hypsostroma (Mugambi and Huhndorf 2009b; Plate 1). Julella Fabre, Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6 9: 113 (1879) [1878]. Type species: Julella buxi Fabre, Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 6 9: 113 (1879) [1878]. Julella has been assigned to Thelenellaceae, a family of Ostropomycetidae (Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2007), and Arthopyreniaceae (= Xanthopyreniaceae sensu O. Eriksson, Pleosporales) (Barr 1985). Julella is characterized by its

immersed, medium-sized ascomata with pseudoparenchymatous peridial cells, cellular pseudoparaphyses, and hyaline and muriform ascospores (Barr 1985). With the exception of hyaline ascospores, these characters MycoClean Mycoplasma Removal Kit are typical of Montagnulaceae. The taxonomic affinity of the generic type of Julella needs confirmation following recollection. Julella avicenniae (Borse) K.D. Hyde is a marine fungus. A DNA based phylogeny containing most currently accepted families placed two isolates of J. avicenniae as sister to the families in the Pleosporineae with good support, which might suggest a novel family within Pleosporales (Suetrong et al. 2009). However, J. avicenniae is not the generic type and therefore this conclusion must be treated with caution as only J. avicenniae can be considered pleosporalean. Lautitia S. Schatz, Can. J. Bot. 62: 31 (1984). Type species: Lautitia danica (Berl.) S. Schatz, Can. J. Bot. 62: 31 (1984).

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“Introduction Osteoporotic hip fractures are associated with an increased mortality and a reduced quality of life [1, 2]. The standard diagnostic technique 5-Fluoracil supplier for assessing osteoporosis and monitoring therapy is dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measuring bone mineral density (BMD) [3]. BMD can predict femoral bone strength and fracture risk to some extent, but BMD values of patients with and without femur fractures overlap [4–9]. BMD does not encompass bone quality, but bone quality is, in addition to bone density, a substantial parameter for predicting bone strength. Bone quality can be partly assessed by analyzing trabecular architecture. For this reason, trabecular bone structure analysis is an important research topic. Imaging modalities to characterize trabecular bone structure include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [10].