The target size was 20 ART− HIV+ adult participants based on feasibility considerations and power computations. This sample size allowed concluding on the primary objective with a power of at least 95% assuming an increase of percentage of viable lymphocytes

of 25%, based on either a regression model with quantitative factors or a 3-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) mixed model with qualitative factors. The analyses were performed on the according-to-protocol (ATP) cohort. To predict the percentage of viable lymphocytes in the CMI samples, a mixed model for repeated measurements was used, with TTP and RsT being considered as quantitative factors in a polynomial model. The exact prediction model and associated variance–covariance matrix were determined by maximizing the prediction efficiency (based on Information Criteria) while respecting Copanlisib manufacturer the model hierarchy and preserving all fixed effect having < 10% p-value. The prediction model was used to display graphically the predicted impacts of TTP and RsT on cell recovery and viability, and to calculate their predicted optimal combinations (in order to maximize the percentage of viable selleck screening library lymphocytes). For the combination of parameters nearest to the selected best

combination, regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between HIV-1 VL, the CD4+ and CD8+ counts, the inflammatory markers (IL-6, d-dimer) and the cell recovery/viability or the magnitude

of the CMI response. The whole blood data were analyzed with an ANOVA with 1 factor (TTP: 2 h vs 4 h) using a heterogeneous variance model, i.e. identical variances were not assumed for the different levels of the factor. Estimates of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) between groups and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using back-transformation on log10 values Farnesyltransferase for CD40L+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing at least one cytokine. The criteria used to demonstrate equivalence were defined a posteriori as the 95% CI for the GMR had to be included in the predefined equivalence limit of [0.3–3]. The ICS results were expressed as the percentage of the total CD40L+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing the different combinations of IL-2 and/or IFN-γ and/or TNF-α in response to stimulation with p17, p24, RT or Nef antigens minus the response measured upon in vitro stimulation with medium only. A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare CD8+ responses of PMBCs vs whole blood. The statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) version 9.2 on Windows and StatXact-8.1 procedure on SAS. A total of 31 participants were screened in this study. Of these, 22 (71%) participants were included in the ATP cohort and completed the study. In the ATP cohort, the mean age of the participants was 36.8 ± 9.1 years, 20 (90.