Fermentable sugars (■) and dextrins (▲) are shown in g/l, and ethanol (●) is shown in % (v/v). Values are means for two biological PI3K inhibitor replicate fermentations and error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). Table 1 Properties of brewed beers and wort Beer Sugar content (g/l) Protein concentration (mg/ml) Ethanol % (v/v) Fermentable Dextrins WPL001 7.8 ± 3.0 28.7 ±1.8 0.42 ± 0.01 6.4 ± 0.2 KVL011 0.0 ± 0 30.2 ±1.7 0.29 ± 0.05 6.7 ± 0.3 Wort 88.0 ± 2.2 34.21 ± 1.9 0.49 ± 0.01 0.0 ± 0 Figure 2 Acidification and cell

division during 2 L beer fermentations with ale brewer’s yeast strains WLP001 (●) and KVL011 (■). pH is represented with filled symbols and OD600 with open symbols. Values are means for two biological replicate fermentations and error bars indicate standard error of the mean (SEM). For both yeast strains, the pH dropped from 5.5 to 4.1 (Figure 2) and the ethanol concentration increased selleck products from 0 to 6.4-6.7% (v/v)

SN-38 purchase (Figure 1, Table 1) after 60 hours of fermentation. Furthermore, a decrease in the protein concentration was observed during fermentation. In the beginning of the fermentation, the wort contained 0.50 mg/ml, while in the final beer the protein concentration was 0.42 and 0.29 mg/ml for beers brewed with yeast strain WLP001 and KVL011, respectively (Table 1). The ethanol and protein concentrations between the two beers were not significantly different (Figure 1, Table 1). Protein identification Proteins from the unfermented wort and the two beers were separated by 2-DE to estimate differences in protein composition,

caused by different yeast strains during the fermentation process with the unfermented wort as a reference (Figure 3). All distinct protein spots from each proteome were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS or MS/MS. From the 90 distinct protein spots picked, we identified 66 spots that originated from 10 unique proteins. The most dominant proteins found in wort and beer were identified as protein Z, LTP1 and the barley-derived inhibitors pUP13, CMe, CMa and BDAI-I (Figure 3, Table 2). LTP1 was identified in four Progesterone discrete protein spots with a pI ranging from 6.3 to 9.1 in wort (Figure 3; spot A22, A24, A25, A26), as compared to five locations in the WLP001 and KVL011 beers (Figure 3; spot B21, B23, B24, B25, B26, C22, C23, C24, C25, C26). A fragment of the barley storage protein D-hordein was only detected in wort (Figure 3; spot A18, Table 2). Figure 3 2-DE gel protein profiles of wort (A) and beer fermented with WLP001 (B) or KVL011 (C). Black and two arrow heads (B1 and C5) indicate protein spots subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS analysis, respectively. Table 2 List of beer proteins identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and MS/MS       Theoretical values         Spot ID Protein name Accession no. Mr(Da) pI Scorea Sequence coverage (%) No. of peptide MS/MS (sequnece of matched peptides)b A6 Protein Z-type serpin gi|1310677 43307 5.