While other authors have not found advantages in motor nerve conduction over voluntary muscle testing (Samant et al. 1999), the former made it possible to detect motor neuropathy in patients with normal voluntary muscle testing. High NCS sensibility has been reported by others as well (van Brakel et al. 2008; Khambati et al. 2009). NCS is useful for detecting and evaluating the extension of leprosy neuropathy (van Brakel et al. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 2008). Leprosy neuropathy
remains a significant medical challenge because it may develop during any of the phases of the disease and its evolution depends on a number of factors that are both difficult to evaluate and, ultimately, control. Full neurological evaluation of the peripheral Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical nerves of each patient is recommended at different stages in a focused effort to decipher the ongoing clinical and neurophysiological patterns of neuropathy. In addition, recovery depends on a number of other variables
such as point in time of recognition and treatment of neuritis, number and extent of reactional episodes, and the clinical form of the disease, all of which should determine the need for additional surveillance. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Judy Grevan for editing the English version of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by CNPq and FIOCRUZ-FAPERJ.
The recognition of action is a fundamental prerequisite for the development of imitation, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical motor learning, and social development (Rizzolatti and Arbib 1998). In humans, mirror neurons, which respond to both the observation and execution of an action, have been found in the ventral premotor cortex, inferior Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical parietal lobe (Rizzolatti and Craighero 2004), and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Iacoboni et al. 2005) suggesting a common coding between perception and action. These regions form a complex network in which the visual representation of motion activates an appropriate motor representation. Numerous electrophysiological and brain imaging studies now support the existence of a mirror Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical neuron system in BIX 01294 manufacturer adults (Gallese et al. 1996; Nitashani and Hari 2000; Rizzolatti and Craighero
2004; Iacoboni et al. 2005; Keysers et al. 2006; Virji-Babul et al. 2010), children (Lepage and Théoret 2006) and infants (Shimada and Hiraki 2006; Nystrom about 2008; Southgate et al. 2009; Marshall et al. 2011). There are, however, a number of questions not accounted for by the current mirror neuron system interpretation. For example, how does the mirror neuron system develop and how is this development related to the infant’s own abilities and experiences? Are mirror neurons the result of sensorimotor learning processes or genetic prewiring? Heyes and colleagues (Heyes et al. 2005; Heyes 2010) have proposed an associative sequence learning (ASL) model that states that mirror neurons develop as a result of the correlated experience of observing and executing the same action.