These results indicate that OPT imaging and analysis may be a useful tool to quantitatively and sterically evaluation of transplanted islets in liver at the cellular level.”
“Liquid crystal alignment on polymer line gratings fabricated by a soft lithography embossing process derived from PRINT (TM) (Pattern Replication In Nonwetting Template) is influenced by mold removal (peel-off direction). This indicates the existence of two competing alignment mechanisms: (1) topography (i.e., the Beremann mechanism) and (2) surface modification during peel-off. The degree to which mold removal influenced liquid crystal alignment was found to be dependent on the primary structures of the

embossed polymer, and the chemical composition of the mold. These findings Selleck FRAX597 PKA inhibitor suggest alternate ways to affect liquid crystal alignment in roll-to-roll manufacturing. (c) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3549809]“
“Effects of salt stress on polyamine metabolism and ethylene production were examined in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars [I Kong Pao (IKP), salt sensitive;

and Pokkali, salt resistant] grown for 5 d and 12 d in nutrient solution in the presence or absence of putrescine (1 mM) and 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl. The salt-sensitive (IKP) and salt-resistant (Pokkali) cultivars differ not only in their mean levels of putrescine, but also in the physiological functions assumed by this molecule in stressed tissues. Salt stress increased the proportion ACY-738 ic50 of conjugated putrescine in salt-resistant Pokkali and decreased it in the salt-sensitive IKP, suggesting a possible protective

function in response to NaCl. Activities of the enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) and arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) involved in putrescine synthesis were higher in salt-resistant Pokkali than in salt-sensitive IKP. Both enzymes were involved in the response to salt stress. Salt stress also increased diamine oxidase (DAO; 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (PAO EC 1.5.3.11) activities in the roots of salt-resistant Pokkali and in the shoots of salt-sensitive IKP. Gene expression followed by reverse transcription-PCR suggested that putrescine could have a post-translational impact on genes coding for ADC (ADCa) and ODC (ODCa and ODCb) but could induce a transcriptional activation of genes coding for PAO (PAOb) mainly in the shoot of salt-stressed plants. The salt-resistant cultivar Pokkali produced higher amounts of ethylene than the salt-sensitive cultivar IKP, and exogenous putrescine increased ethylene synthesis in both cultivars, suggesting no direct antagonism between polyamine and ethylene pathways in rice.”
“We hypothesized that the T helper (Th) 17 response plays an important role in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) interstitial pneumonia.