Taking the view of metabolic responses to high protein diet, it c

Taking the view of metabolic responses to high protein diet, it can be presumed that excessive protein intake could lead negative health outcomes by metabolic changes. However, this study implied that resistance exercise with adequate mineral Mitomycin C manufacturer supplementation, such as potassium and calcium, could reduce or offset the negative effects of protein-generated metabolic changes. This study was based on a cross-sectional design with a relatively small sample size, so it is limited when inferring causal links. Because

of the study limitations, our results are mostly hypothesis-generated. Nevertheless, this study is constructive in providing preliminary information of metabolic responses to high protein intake in bodybuilders. Further studies would be required to determine the effects of the intensity of exercise and the level of mineral intakes, especially potassium and calcium, which have a role to maintain acid-base homeostasis, on protein metabolism in large population of bodybuilders. In addition, an experimental this website study to ascertain the safety and efficiency of protein intake in athlete group would be needed. References 1. McCall GE, Byrnes WC, Dickinson A, Pattany PM, Fleck SJ: Muscle fiber hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and capillary

density in college men after resistance training. J Appl Physiol 1996,81(5):2004–2012.PubMed 2. Phillips SM, Tipton KD, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR: Resistance training reduces the acute exercise-induced increase in muscle protein turnover. Am J Physiol 1999,276(1 Pt 1):E118–124.PubMed Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) 3. Kimball SR, Farrell PA, Jefferson LS: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by amino acids or exercise. J Appl Physiol 2002,93(3):1168–1180.PubMed 4. Hornberger TA, Esser KA: Mechanotransduction and the regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Proc Nutr Soc 2004,63(2):331–335.PubMedCrossRef 5. Meredith CN, Frontera WR, O’Reilly KP, Evans WJ: Body composition in elderly men: effect of dietary modification during strength training. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992,40(2):155–162.PubMed 6. Tipton KD, Wolfe RR: Exercise, protein metabolism, and muscle growth.

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2001,11(1):109–132.PubMed 7. Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, Atkinson SA: Influence of protein intake and training status on nitrogen balance and lean body mass. J Appl Physiol 1988,64(1):187–193.PubMed 8. Lemon PW, Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA: Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice body builders. J Appl Physiol 1992,73(2):767–775.PubMed 9. Lambert CP, Frank LL, Evans WJ: Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding. Sports Med 2004,34(5):317–327.PubMedCrossRef 10. Lee SIG, Lee HS, Choue R: Study on nutritional knowledge, use of nutritional supplements and nutrient intakes in Korean elite bodybuilders. Kor J Exer Nutr 2009,13(2):101–107. 11.

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