In order to optimize the CH4/H2 flow rate for growing good-quality single-layer graphene, five flow rates of CH4/H2 content were chosen, i.e., 01/10, 03/30, 05/50, 10/100, and 20/200 sccm, while keeping the CH4:H2 flow rate ratio (1:10) constant. The growth temperature was set at the optimized value of 1,030°C with a deposition time of 30 min to ensure complete coverage of graphene. Raman spectra of Acalabrutinib chemical structure graphene samples grown at different CH4/H2 flow rates are shown in Figure 1c, while the corresponding I 2D/I G ratio and FWHM data are shown in Figure 1d. The Raman spectra show very-low-intensity D peak (at ~1,353 cm-1) and large and symmetrical graphene G (~1,580 cm-1)

find more and 2D (~2,700 cm-1) peaks. The D peak is negligible Gilteritinib mw in all the cases, indicating

a defect-free graphene growth. Furthermore, the FWHM of the 2D peak increases gradually from 30 to 65 cm-2 (as shown in Figure 1d) and the I 2D/I G peak ratio changes from 1.3 to 0.3. The optimal CH4/H2 ratio to produce monolayer graphene, determined experimentally, is 03/30. The decrease in I 2D/I G and increase in FWHM with the increase in CH4/H2 flow rate indicate an increase in the number of graphene layers upon increasing the CH4/H2 flow rate. The values of I 2D/I G (>5) and FWHM (≈32 cm-1) in graphene grown at 1,030°C and 03/30-sccm CH4/H2 flow rate match well with the previously reported values for monolayer graphene [26, 28–30]. Based on the above study, graphene layer grown for 30 min at a deposition temperature of 1,030°C with 03 sccm of CH4 and 30 sccm of H2 flow rates was used for investigating the effect of graphene and G/SiO2 layers on Si solar cell as a transparent conducting and antireflection layer. Figure 2a shows the optical image of large-area (~6.5 × 2.5 cm2) graphene transferred onto a SiO2 (300 nm thick)/Si substrate. In order to measure the transmittance values, graphene layer was transferred to a quartz substrate and an average value of transmittance of 97% (Figure 2b) at a visible wavelength range Calpain of interest of 400 to 1,100 nm for Si solar

cell was observed. A sheet resistance of graphene of about 350 Ω/□ was observed after transferring it on a SiO2 (300 nm)-coated Si substrate. A comparison of sheet resistance and transmittance of graphene layer used in studies involving G/Si cells is given in Table 1. As already mentioned, the central objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential advantages of using graphene as a transparent conducting and surface field layer for Si solar cell. A commercially available silicon solar cell has a Si3N4 antireflection layer along with a textured surface. It is difficult to deposit/transfer graphene layer on a textured surface. In order to study the transparent conducting properties of graphene layer, it is necessary to remove the Si3N4 layer and texturing of these cells. Therefore, the silicon solar cells with these properties, i.e., with planar Si surface, were fabricated for carrying out these experiments.