CSD propagation velocity was calculated based on the time spent for a CSD-wave to pass the interelectrode distance. After this “”baseline”" recording, D-animals were divided

in three groups and respectively injected with 45, 95 and 190 mg/kg of PILO, i.p., and the CSD recording continued for two more hours. Three groups of non-deprived (ND) rats were also injected with the three doses of PILO and studied regarding CSD features. D-animals presented higher baseline CSD velocities than the corresponding ND-controls, confirming previous observations that D-condition facilitates CSD propagation. After PILO, the ECoG amplitudes were markedly and lastingly reduced in all animals, at the three doses used. In the groups treated with 95 and 190 mg/kg PILO, the CSD velocity of propagation significantly (P < Selleck LEE011 0.05)

decreased, and the incidence of PILO-associated CSD-propagation failure increased in the D rats, but not in the ND rats, as compared with the pre-drug values. The data suggest the existence of one or more cholinergic, muscarinic-mediated antagonistic processes influencing CSD, which are dose-dependent and are modulated by sleep-deprivation. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In order to describe how high altitude affects the body during a one night stay at 4000 m experiments were performed in a hypobaric chamber and compared to a study on Dachstein (mountain in Austria, 2700 m). Ten subjects had to perform a reaction time task at different altitudes. The EEG and ECG click here were recorded simultaneously. Additionally, the oxygen saturation of the blood was measured at different of altitudes and the subjects filled out a Lake Louise questionnaire that describes the degree of altitude mountain sickness (AMS). After elevation from 134 m to 4000 m in the hypobaric chamber heart-rate increased from 68.9 bpm to 81.6

bpm, RMSSD (root mean square of squared differences of adjacent heart beat intervals) decreased from 54.3 ms to 33.3 ms, the LF/HF ratio increased from 2.5 to 3.9 and oxygen saturation decreased to 82.7% after 11 h at 4000 m altitude. The Lake Louise Score (LSS) reached 3.4 after one night at 4000 m. EEG beta activity between 14 Hz and 18 Hz was attenuated at 4000 m and also after return to 134 m. The results indicate that the subjects were not able to adapt to 4000 m within 12 h in the hypobaric chamber. Even after 1 h after the return to 134 m all parameters are still affected from the night at 4000 m altitude. ECG and EEG changes are in line with results obtained at 2700 m height at Dachstein. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a newly discovered pathway.