5g/m2) in spring/summer. The maximum average length was 7.7 �� 0.4cm (n = 100) in summer and a minimum of 2.9 �� 0.2cm (n = 100) in winter. The biomass values ranged between 110 �� http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html 1.9g/m2 (n = 8) in summer and 594 �� 10.5g/m2 (n = 8) in late spring. Biomass and length showed low values in autumn and winter, a small increase occurred in early spring, and the highest values of these parameters were recorded in early summer.The highest carrageenan yields, in this study, were recorded in G. pistillata, with an average value of the 38.7% (Figure 1). Nevertheless, the coverage and biomass are relatively low (Figure 2). The second highest coverage was found in C. acicularis (Figure 2), but this carrageenophyte presents a low biomass mainly in spring/summer (22 �� 0.2g/m2, n = 8).

This carrageenophyte presents an isomorphic triphasic lifecycle, but the nonfertile thalli and the tetrasporophytes are difficult to distinguish from one another, and consequently these reproductive phases were not separated. Due to the thalli nature, very thin and tangles, the data on plant size were not done. The cover (Figure 2) and biomass are very low in the remaining carrageenophytes: C. jubata, G. crenulatus, and A. devoniensis. 3.3. Lifecycle PhaseC. crispus shows an isomorphic triphasic lifecycle [35�C37], although in the studied population, the nonfructified thalli were dominant in most samples (see Figure 3), and the percentage varied from 15.4% (summer) to 66.7% (winter). The female gametophytes were present in all samples, varying the proportion from 12.5% (late winter) to 44.5% (spring).

The tetrasporophytes were also present in all samples, with a maximum of 50% in spring and a minimum of 11.1% in summer. Compared with female gametophytes (cystocarpic thalli) (29.4��2.9%, n = 14), the tetrasporophytes (tetrasporic thalli) are usually less abundant (24.5 �� 3.4%, n = 14); the predominance of gametophytes in C. crispus populations was also found in other works [37�C39]. The average percentage of nonfructified thalli was 46.1 �� 3.9% (n = 14). The data on seasonal variation in the percentage of individuals of each generation have statistical significance (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.001).Figure 3Population structure of Chondrus crispus in Buarcos bay.G. pistillata is the type of species of the Gigartina genus [40, 41]; despite possessing an isomorphic triphasic lifecycle [42], it shows heterosporic thalli (i.

e., producing both tetraspores and carpospores) [43, 44], which were found in all studied samples. The tetrasporophytes were dominant in most samples, and the percentage varied from 10% (spring) to 81.8% (late autumn). The female gametophytes Anacetrapib were present in all samples, varying the proportion of 6.8% (late autumn) to 90% (spring). The heterosporic thalli were present in all samples, with a maximum of 30.8% in early winter and a minimum of 1.9% in summer.