, 1999). Rather than using the other MAEDS subscales, the EAT-26 and BULIT-R (described above) were used as exclusion criteria for eating disorder symptoms because their cut-off scores have been specifically associated with anorexia selleck Regorafenib nervosa and bulimia nervosa, respectively (Garner et al., 1982; Thelen et al., 1991). The Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer et al., 2006) is a 39-item self-report questionnaire of trait mindfulness. This measure was included to characterize the general level of trait mindfulness in the experimental sample. The scale has demonstrated adequate reliability and validity, and reliability in the present study was good (�� = .89). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS; Lau et al.

, 2006) is a 13-item self-report measure of state mindfulness that yields two factors: curiosity (attending to the present moment with an attitude of curiosity and openness) and decentering (observing thoughts/feelings without overidentifying with them). Because it was expected that brief mindfulness instructions would increase state (but not trait) mindfulness, the TMS was administered before and after manipulations and showed good internal consistency at both time points (M �� = .81). The Questionnaire of Smoking Urges��Brief (QSU-brief; Cox, Tiffany, & Christen, 2001) is a reliable and valid 10-item measure of craving to smoke. The scale yields two factors: Factor 1 assesses desire to smoke in anticipation of pleasure, and Factor 2 measures smoking urges in attempt to relieve negative affect. In the present study, these subscales showed excellent reliability both before and after experimental manipulations (M�� = .

92). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) is a 20-item self-report measure of emotion. Participants rate each item (e.g., distressed, enthusiastic) from 1 (very slightly/not at all) to 5 (extremely). The PANAS yields two factors (positive and negative affect) and has good reliability and validity. Both factors showed good internal consistency in the present study (M �� = .81). Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), as employed by Lopez Khoury et al. (2009), assessed smoking urges, affect, and body dissatisfaction. On each scale, participants were asked to indicate their response by drawing a vertical line through a 100-mm horizontal line.

Procedure Procedures were reviewed and approved by the university��s Institutional Review Board. Participants were recruited through on-campus fliers and the psychology participant pool. Female undergraduate smokers attended the screening session for either course credit or $10 compensation. CO levels, height, and weight were measured. BMI was calculated GSK-3 as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2) and categorized as underweight: <18.5; normal weight: 18.5�C24.