In the saline control, elevation of IL-17A and IL-10 concentrations was up to 100 pg/ml at day 4 (Figure 4a,b). Figure 4 Effects of M. pneumoniae antigens on cytokine production by murine lymphocytes. Lymphocyte culture supernatant concentrations of (a) IL-17A (pg/ml), (b) IL-10 (pg/ml). Closed squares (■) show stimulation with 50 μg protein/ml of M. pneumoniae antigen. Closed triangles (▲) show saline control. *p < 0.05 vs. saline

CRT0066101 control by Student’s t-test. Effects of M. pneumoniaeand other bacterial antigens on lymphocyte Momelotinib price growth Without IL-6 and TGF-β1, only 50 μg protein/ml of M. pneumoniae antigens promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes (Table 1). In the presence of IL-6 and TGF-β1, proliferation of lymphocytes was increased by either 10 or 50 μg protein/ml of M. pneumoniae antigens, while 50 μg protein/ml of either S. pneumoniae or K. pneumoniae sonicated antigens markedly decreased

viable lymphocyte count. Similarly, in the presence of IL-6 and TGF-β1, sonicated antigens of S. pneumoniae (10 and 50 μg protein/ml) and K. pneumoniae selleck products (5, 10 and 50 μg protein/ml) reduced the growth of lymphocytes (Table 1). In the absence of IL-6 and TGF-β1, growth of lymphocytes was not inhibited by LPS. However in the presence of IL-6 and TGF-β1, high concentrations (10 and 50 μg protein/ml) of LPS suppressed the multiplication of lymphocytes (Table 1). On the other hand, zymosan A promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes with or without IL-6 and TGF-β1 (Table 1). Table 1 Effects of microbial antigens on lymphocyte growth with or without IL-6 and TGFβ1 Antigen IL-6(-), TGF-β1(-) a IL-6(+), TGF-β1(+) a 0 μg/ml 50 μg/ml 0 μg/ml 1 μg/ml 5 μg/ml 10 μg/ml 50 μg/ml M. pneumoniae M129   229.6±19.1b   81.9±5.8 101.5±10.9 134.7±15.6c 147.8±6.3c S. pneumoniae ATCC 33400   18.4±1.2b   110.1±6.3 100.9±12.9 66.8±5.2c 22.3±2.4c K. pneumonia ATCC Astemizole 13883 111.7±13.0 6.8±4.2b 100.0±8.1 109.2±4.1c 44.3±1.2c 27.3±1.6c 6.1±0.7c LPS from E. coli 0127: B8   128.8± 6.1b   86.5±2.7c 89.4±8.1 81.2±5.0c 56.5±7.0c Zymosan

A from S. cerevisiae   197.9±10.2b   104.5±10.1 114.8±9.6c 124.9±4.0c 159.1±5.4 aRelative ratio (%) of viable lymphocyte count with or without IL-6 (20 ng/ml) and TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) stimulated with M. pneumoniae and other antigens. Relative ratio is the mean ± standard deviation (four or five samples per group) of the number of viable lymphocytes at day 4. bSignificantly different (p < 0.05) from value for cytokine (−), antigen 0 μg/ml by Student’s t-test. cSignificantly different (p < 0.05) from value for 20 ng/ml of IL-6 and 2 ng/ml of TGF-β1 (+), antigen 0 μg/ml by Dunnett multiple comparison statistical test. Effect of M. pneumoniaeand other antigens on lymphocyte IL-17A production M.