The reliability

of the extrapolation of the findings beyond the sentinel site is the main weakness of this approach. The establishment of sentinel sites across Canada will increase this reliability and expansion to five sites, encompassing 10% of the Canadian population, is C-EnterNet’s plan for the future. Because C-EnterNet surveillance is based on a provincially regulated laboratory-based surveillance system, it shares its limitations. It targets only reportable illness and not other diseases that may be of importance among travelers such as enterotoxigenic E coli. For many of the targeted illnesses, the reported cases are only a small fraction of people with gastrointestinal illness in the population which learn more are likely biased by factors such as clinical severity or the age of the case. The diseases among TRC included exotic or rare diseases in Canada such as typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, or hepatitis GSK1120212 A. They included other diseases common in Canada with the same order of magnitude, ie, campylobacteriosis, non-typhoidal salmonellosis, and giardiasis being the three most frequent diseases, without major differences between

TRC and DC in terms of disease severity based on symptoms, hospitalization, and disease duration, at least for these three illnesses. Overall, the TRC were significantly younger with more cases falling between 15 and 24 years of age and fewer cases being 60 years or older. Higher disease incidence among young travelers, generally less than 30 years old has been previously reported.3,4 The higher proportion of teenagers and young adults among TRC may reflect the tendency of this age group to travel more often overall or it may reflect their tendency to take less precautions before (eg, visit to travel clinics and vaccination) or during their travel (eg, higher risk behavior). The apparent higher risk Resminostat for teenagers and young adults should be further assessed and, if true, should be better addressed. MCA highlighted hypothesized subgroups among TRC. MCA is a descriptive

method useful to synthesize information from multidimensional categorical data, as previously demonstrated in the domain of public health,25 human illness attribution,26,27 and for describing TRC of infectious diseases.28 One of the subgroups identified, new immigrants, has already been recognized for its public health concerns related, among others, to parasitic infections, particularly amebiasis and giardiasis.19 The second group identified (the travelers to Latin America/Caribbean for a short period of time and staying in a resort) certainly reflects the popularity of Mexico, the Caribbean region, and some parts of Central America for Canadians who seek short, low-cost vacations, and to escape the winter climate in Canada. The observed association between this group of travelers and non-typhoidal salmonellosis is intriguing.