02 × 10−11 M (i.e., 10.2 atomole on column). This latest method represents an improved sensitivity for amino acid analysis of 1 to 5 orders of magnitude compared to existing methods. The AccQ•Tag-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

method was successfully applied to the analysis of 504 Arabidopsis leaf extracts and could be easily implemented for the analysis of amino acids under a typical work flow for metabolomics research. The analysis Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the plant extracts by the AccQ•Tag-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was completed with minimum column care, high repeatability, and reproducible separation which is in sharp contrast to existing HILIC and IPRPLC approaches. Contrary to a common misconception with respect to precolumn derivatization methods, the AQC derivatization worked well for all the amino acids tested and the AccQ•Tag-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method gave reliable data for metabolomic studies. Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by NSF grants 1132326, 0820126 and 0820823, NIH-NIAID grant 2R01AI045774 and NIH NCI grant R01CA120170. The Arabidopsis leaf samples were provided by Iowa State University. Appendix Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Table S1 Reproducibility of peak areas for AQC-derivatives of isotopically labeled amino acid standards obtained

in 50 mM ammonium Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical acetate buffer (pH 9.3). Experimental conditions were the same as described in Section 3.5. Isotopically labeled amino acid Area Standard deviation RSD (%) L-Asparagine-15-N2 37623 307 8.15 L-Serine,2,3,3-d3 4902 407 8.29 L-Glutamine-d5 2453 172 7.02 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Glycine-d5 6450 418 6.47 Threonine-d5 6202 496 7.99 D-L-Alanine-2,3,3,3-d4 2405 211 8.78 Proline-2,5,5-d3 2182 191 8.74 4-Hydroxyphenyl-2,6-d2-alanine-2-d1-01 7152 588 8.23 Methionine-methyl-d3 7254 479 6.60 Tryptophan-2′,4′,5′,6′,7′-d5(indole-d5)-01 7224 318 4.40 View it in a separate

window Figure S1 Internal calibration curves for phenylalanine. Experimental conditions: Standard solutions of phenylalanine covered the concentration range from 2.5 × 10−5 M to 4.77 × 10−11 M, linear selleck dynamic range observed from 1.25 × 10−5 M to 1.22 × 10−8 M. Internal standard (4-Hydroxyphenyl-2,6-d2-alanine-2-d1-01) at 4 × 10−4 g/L. 1 μL of sample was injected. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical analyses were performed as described in Section 3.5. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (A) Phenyl alanine and its internal standard were derivatized with AQC using the borate buffer system. (B) Derivatization with AQC in 50mM ammonium acetate (pH 9.3) as the buffering media. Figure S2 Mass chromatograms of AQC-derivatized amino acids quantified in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf extract, obtained by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Table S2 Long term repeatability of retention times for AQC-derivatized amino acids in standard solutions analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/M (n = 30). Amino acid Retention Time Intra-day results, day 1 Intra-day results, day 47 Average (min) RSD (%) Average RSD (%) Hydroxyproline 1.49 1.04 1.52 0.75 Histidine 1.60 1.22 1.65 1.04 Asparagine 1.84 0.71 1.89 0.58 3-Methyl-histidine 1.97 0.83 2.